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富翁彩票2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 中国信科陈山枝:应将“5G兼容、6G融合”作为我国卫星互联网技术路径******

      光明网讯(记者 李政葳)1月6日,在由中国工信出版传媒集团主办,北京信通传媒·通信世界全媒体承办的“2023ICT行业趋势年会”上,中国信息通信科技集团副总经理、总工程师、科技委主任陈山枝表示,面向6G、星地融合并以用户为中心的弹性可定制网络将助力6G实现全域覆盖、场景智联。

      无线移动通信系统十年演进一代,从4G改变生活,到5G改变社会,网络覆盖逐渐向行业应用延伸。“当前4G和5G等陆地移动通信系统在行业应用中有一定局限,面对行业应用的广域与空间覆盖稀疏性和分散性,卫星移动通信大有可为。”针对星地融合发展,陈山枝提出三大趋势:

      一是卫星与地面蜂窝系统由竞争转变为互补。随着移动通信走向万物互联,人类活动空间拓展、环境监测、军事应用、行业应用等需求强盛,引入卫星通信能够更好地满足通信需求。借助卫星通信,城市与乡镇通过基站覆盖,发挥容量和规模成本优势,实现海量接入;偏远地区与海洋通过卫星覆盖,发挥覆盖优势,可以节省建设成本。因此,以较低成本构建卫星互联网,作为5G/6G地面覆盖的补充,形成星地融合组网,可支撑多样化的服务和应用。

      二是卫星互联网与地面蜂窝系统体制走向融合。传统卫星通信技术体制多、不兼容、产业规模小、成本高,无规模经济优势。近年来,业界纷纷开展基于5G体制的卫星互联网星座组网探索,比如,ITU开展了下一代卫星通信相关研究;3GPP开展了NTN(非地面网络)标准制定;ETSI Set 5G联盟开展了融合网络研究工作等,有效规范了卫星互联网发展标准化,促进了卫星通信与蜂窝通信在体制上的融合。

      三是不同需求有不同组网模式。针对不同应用场景,星地融合系统具有灵活的组网模式可以解决相应问题,适应不同场景需求。采用透明转发的独立组网模式与地面互联互通,可应用于技术复杂度低、建网成本低的场景,助力解决中继通讯的问题;采用高频段星上处理独立组网模式与地面网络互联互通,适合大容量高速数据传输,适用于车载、机载、船载或者固定接入通信。

      “鉴于低轨卫星通信与地面蜂窝通信的差异,星地融合也面临诸多挑战。”陈山枝认为,星地融合还需要在信道建模、链路预算等基础问题,透明转发、星上处理等网络架构,传播参数、信道设计等物理层关键技术,移动性管理、用户面协议等高层关键技术等方面进行攻关。

      对于星地融合未来的发展趋势,他认为,星地融合演进路径:从5G体制融合走向6G系统融合;6G星地融合关键技术:实现卫星与地面蜂窝通信有机融合。

      陈山枝建议,应将“5G兼容、6G融合”作为我国卫星互联网的技术路径。

      其中,5G兼容(体制融合)抢占先机、奠定基础,以5G技术为基础,根据卫星链路等差异化,针对性修改和优化的低轨卫星通信系统;最大程度复用5G技术,并利用5G规模经济,降低成本,实现差异化竞争优势。

      6G融合(系统融合)达到全球引领,实现陆地移动通信和高中低轨卫星通信的有机融合;形成卫星与地面蜂窝通信的统一空口、统一接入、统一认证方案;支持终端在星地间无缝切换,跨运营商漫游。

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