中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
央行上海总部：人民币在上海地区涉外收支中的占比连续5年攀升****** 澎湃新闻记者 陈月石 2月3日，中国人民银行上海总部举办上海金融运行情况新闻通气会，介绍了2022年上海货币信贷运行、债券市场对外开放和外汇收支形势等情况。 央行上海总部调查统计研究部主任吕进中在会上表示，2022年上海信贷投放保持增长，实际利率下行。2022年12月，上海企业贷款加权平均利率为3.59%，比上年末下降62个基点。其中，小微贷款加权平均利率为3.99%，比上年末下降47个基点。 2022年12月末，上海本外币贷款余额10.31万亿元，同比增长7.4%。其中，人民币贷款余额9.65万亿元，同比增长9.3%，增加8232亿元。 具体来说，2022年上海人民币企业贷款增加6205亿元，其中12月当月增加235亿元。从期限结构看，12月企业中长期贷款增加655亿元，是全年月均增量的2.3倍。 分行业看，2022年12月贷款增量同比多增的行业主要是房地产业、建筑业、住宿餐饮业和文体娱乐业，反映出房地产业和接触性服务业需求边际好转。 在对重点领域的金融支持方面，截至2022年12月末，上海全市普惠小微企业贷款余额同比增长25.6%；制造业中长期贷款余额比年初增长40.4%；高新技术企业、科技中小企业、专精特新企业贷款余额同比分别增长25.8%、34.5%和27.8%。全年累计为7万多户企业和个体工商户办理延期还本付息3000亿元。3月初至年末，累计向主要受困行业的5万家企业提供4900多亿元贷款支持。 在债券市场开放方面，央行上海总部金融市场管理部副主任荣艺华表示，2022年，上海总部共完成178家境外机构法人备案。 截至2022年末，境外机构在我国债券市场的持债规模为3.46万亿元，其中持有银行间市场债券3.39万亿元，近5年年均增速近25%。全年境外机构在银行间债券市场累计交易量约13万亿元，较上年增长15%，近5年年均增速约43%。 外汇市场方面，央行上海总部外汇管理部副主任葛庆表示，2022年上海涉外收支稳步增长。2022年，上海地区银行代客涉外收支总额35065亿美元，同比增长5.7%，占全国的28.2%，与2021年基本持平。 葛庆表示，市场主体持汇行为更趋理性，外汇市场韧性增强。全年上海地区货物贸易外汇收入结汇率同比下降3.4个百分点，货物贸易外汇支出购汇率同比上升4.6个百分点。市场主体汇率风险管理能力也进一步提升。全年上海地区外汇套保比例为30%，高于全国6个百分点，同比上升3.5个百分点。人民币在上海地区涉外收支中的占比连续5年攀升，2022年占比60.7%，高出全国18个百分点。 葛庆表示，截至2022年12月末，临港新片区13项高水平开放试点政策全部落地实施，合计试点企业162家，交易12397笔，金额约271.21亿美元。为进一步促进跨境贸易投融资便利化，外汇局率先在上海扩围部分试点政策，合格境外有限合伙人外汇管理试点区域由临港新片区扩大至上海市全辖，银行直接办理非金融企业外债签约登记试点区域由临港新片区扩大至浦东新区。上述扩围政策操作指引已向社会公开征求意见，后续将适时推动成熟政策进一步复制推广。 富翁彩票地图 |
